Reliability evaluations of modern test systems under the Industry 4.0 technologies, play a vital role in the successful transformation to NDE 4.0. This is due to the fact that NDE 4.0 is mainly based on the interconnection between the cyber-physical systems.

Reliability evaluations of modern test systems under the Industry 4.0 technologies, play a vital role in the successful transformation to NDE 4.0. This is due to the fact that NDE 4.0 is mainly based on the interconnection between the cyber-physical systems. When the individual reliability of the various important technologies from the Industry 4.0 such as the digital twin, digital thread, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), artificial intelligence (AI), data fusion, digitization, etc. is high, then it is possible to obtain the reliability beyond the intrinsic capability of the test system. In this paper, the significance of the reliability evaluation is reviewed under the vision of NDE 4.0, including examples of data fusion concepts as well as the importance of algorithms (like explainable artificial intelligence), the practical use is discussed and elaborated accordingly.